Unravelling the Proton Mass Puzzle: A Novel Approach through Quark Vortex Dynamics and the Mushroom Model
The article presents the Quark Vortex Theory together with the Mushroom Model to explain why the mass of the three valence quarks in the proton constitutes less than 1% of its total mass.
The model describes quarks as quantum vortices in a superfluid vacuum and attributes the proton’s geometric structure to the form of a hemispherical cap and a cylindrical stem, enabling precise calculations of the proton’s volume and density that agree with experimental values.
This theory, which combines quantum mechanics with fluid dynamics, offers an alternative solution to longstanding problems in particle physics that are not fully resolved by classical Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD).
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